YAOUNDE (Xinhua) - En attendant la formalisation de la prétendue bataille de succession à la présidence de la Commission de l'Union africaine (UA) pour le prochain sommet, la candidature annoncée de la ministre sud-africaine de l'Intérieur Nkosazana Dlamini-Zuma représente un défi au conservatisme du leadership au sein de l'organisation, de l'avis des observateurs.
Déjà en ces temps des crises et révolutions effrayantes et à effet de contamination, il apparaît comme peu évident d'imaginer que la désignation d'un nouveau président de la Commission de l'UA soit véritablement une des grandes préoccupations des leaders africains, jusqu'ici muets sur la mort du colonel Mouammar Kadhafi en Libye, note le socio-politiste Mathias Eric Owona Nguini.
« La bataille n'est pas encore engagée en termes de procédure. Mais, il convient de noter que les Sud-africains ont commencé à en parler depuis bien longtemps, ce n'est pas maintenant. Je pense qu'ils seront fermes là-dessus », a souligné sous couvert d'anonymat à Xinhua un ambassadeur africain en poste à Yaoundé, la capitale du Cameroun. Pour ce diplomate cependant, « la bilan de M. Ping dépendra de son maintien ou de son départ ». Et, a-t-il ajouté, « si on respecte la tradition de changement entre francophones et anglophones, je pense que les Sud-africains sont bien partis, et la candidate annoncée a des atouts ».
De l'avis de l'universitaire Owona Nguini, enseignant à l'Université de Yaoundé II, cette candidature traduit, dans le contexte actuel, surtout « une volonté du pouvoir sud-africain de réagir à la crise libyenne. Il est estime que Jean Ping a été trop timoré et qu'il est pro-français ». Une analyse partagée par d'autres analystes en Afrique et ailleurs. Il s'agit précisément, explique-t-il, d'« une volonté de relancer un positionnement de type renaissance africaine, dans une conjoncture où l'un des mentors de l'intégration africaine, aussi controversé qu'il ait pu être, a été neutralisé dans la lutte pour le pouvoir en Libye, entre la Jamahiriya et le CNT (Conseil national de transition, ndlr) ». « C'est aussi une manière pour l'Afrique du Sud de se donner une ressource supplémentaire dans sa stratégie d'apparaître comme la grande puissance africaine », a observé par ailleurs ce spécialiste des relations internationales.
Comme notamment dans la perspective d'une élection, le sortant Jean Ping a entrepris au cours des derniers mois une campagne en douceur sur la défense de son bilan, qui n'a pas notamment échappé aux observateurs avisés lors du dernier sommet des chefs d'Etat et de gouvernement de l'organisation continentale en juin-juillet à Sipopo, près de Malabo en Guinée équatoriale.
Le fait qu'il est le tenant du poste lui garantir naturellement une prime au sortant, juge Owona Nguini. « Le fait également qu'il est une personnalité assez lisse au plan idéologique, qui ne suscite pas de vive méfiance chez certains des chefs d'Etat » constitue un autre atout. De même, l'ex-ministre d'Etat gabonais en charge des Affaires étrangères, ajoute le politologue, « peut aussi compter sur des appuis extra-africains et particulièrement français, parce qu'il entretient globalement de bonnes relations avec les grandes puissances occidentales, surtout la France », qui peut peser en faveur de sa réélection, comme on l'a vue peser dans les décisions de l'UA lors de la crise ivoirienne.
Clos le registre des atouts, Jean Ping, à bientôt 69 ans, traîne à présent contre lui « son profil de grand bureaucrate » et, encore une fois, « sa position timorée face au désaveu des positions de l'Union africaine par les grandes puissances internationales, particulièrement occidentales, surtout dans le traitement de la crise libyenne », décrypte par ailleurs l'universitaire.
Désigné en février 2008, le Gabonais se croyait pourtant dans des eaux tranquilles. D'autant le renouvellement des hommes à la Commission de l'UA n'est pas apparu systématique jusqu'ici. Bien avant lui, le Malien Alpha Oumar Konaré s'est retiré de sa propre initiative, en raison de divergences de vues avec certains membres du club des dirigeants du continent. Contre toute attente, Nkosazana Dlamini-Zuma, ex-ministre des Affaires étrangères d'Afrique du Sud sous aujourd'hui chargée du portefeuille de l'Intérieur, vient bousculer l'establishment. Avec elle, le régime de Pretoria défend « son expérience diplomatique, sa connaissance des circuits de la politique internationale et panafricaine, parce qu'elle a longtemps occupé le poste de ministre des Affaires étrangères (1999-2009, ndlr) », estime Owona Nguini. Ministre de la Santé dans le premier gouvernement postapartheid formé après l'élection historique de Nelson Mandela en 1994, cet ex-épouse de l'actuel dirigeant sud-africain Jacob Zuma peut également se targuer du fait qu'elle a longtemps relayé le discours de l'ancien président Thabo Mbeki sur la renaissance africaine au sein de l'Union africaine, analyse encore le politologue. Mais, cette posture de chantre de la renaissance africaine pourrait tout aussi bien se révéler un inconvénient et ne pas favoriser de repositionner la présidence de la Commission de l'UA sur cette base, dans « la conjoncture actuelle dans laquelle l'UA a perdu de son lustre en raison de son efficacité limitée dans le traitement des crises ivoirienne et libyenne », tempère Owona Nguini.
Pour lui encore, la Sud-Africaine « peut aussi pâtir des solidarités culturelles francophones qui profiteraient alors à son principal concurrent, Jean Ping. Il faut également voir quelle sera la position du Nigeria : est-ce que le Nigeria sera favorable ou prudente vis-à-vis de cette candidature ? Elle peut aussi se heurter au conservatisme des chefs d'Etat qui ne sont pas toujours soucieux de renouveler leurs interlocuteurs à la tête de la Commission de l'UA ».
Pour l'heure, c'est au rythme d'un duel en coulisses que vibre l'organisation continentale, en attendant la formalisation de la bataille de succession dans l'agenda officiel du prochain sommet ordinaire des chefs d'Etat et de gouvernement en janvier-février 2012.
segunda-feira, 31 de outubro de 2011
domingo, 30 de outubro de 2011
Líbia menos segura do que há 10 meses
TRIPOLI, Oct 30 (Reuters) - Libya's crude oil exports will jump to almost 350,000 barrels per day in November, more than double the volume sold the previous month, sources at the National Oil Company (NOC) told Reuters in an interview on Sunday.
The NOC plans to sell a total of up to 14 cargoes of oil from several fields, primarily in the east and at offshore sites which escaped the worst of the damage inflicted by the war and located in areas that were liberated soon after the uprising.
A further two cargoes were expected to be offered by Benghazi-based subsidiary Agoco, bringing the total to 16, the sources said.
The eastern firm took charge of sales during the fighting to provide rebels with a crucial source of income after sanctions froze most of Libya's $170 billion worth of assets.
Libya's crude oil exports virtually ground to a halt during the war, with just two cargoes leaving the country's ports until September, when the first flows began trickling back into the market.
Before the February uprising that toppled former leader Muammar Gaddafi and ultimately led to his capture and death just over a week ago, Libyan crude oil exports stood at 1.3 million bpd.
Agoco was due to hand over responsibility for sales in mid-November, the sources said.
At least eight cargoes of crude and condensate have been sold since Agoco's fields began pumping oil again almost two months ago, and several grades have been offered.
REFINERIES
Libya still has no plans to offer crude from Repsol's El-Sharara field however, as the first flows will be used to supply the country's largest online refinery at Zawiya. It can process around 120,000 bpd but has yet to return to full capacity.
There was no timeframe in place for marketing oil from the site, which is located deep in the south west and among Libya's largest fields, the sources said.
Libya's largest refinery, which accounts for around two-thirds of the country's refining capacity, was expected online towards the end of November, the sources said.
Ras Lanuf can process 220,000 bpd and the NOC chairman has previously said the plant would return to service by the end of the year, a forecast the NOC sources said was over-cautious.
The NOC's shipments will total around 600,000 barrels each, while Agoco was expected to sell its oil in larger cargoes of 1 million barrels, the sources said.
More streams of crude would become available for export, in a further sign the industry is slowly returning to normality. [ID: nL5E7LO31U]
The NOC planned to market crude from Total's Al Jurf, Eni's Abu Atiffel, Amna, Sirtica and Zueitina in November. Agoco would market cargoes of Sarir crude before handing control back to the NOC.
OBSTACLES
The rapid return of Libya's oil is still almost entirely owed to the efforts and sacrifices of local workers who have returned to fields that are still viewed as unsafe either due to the risk of attack by insurgents or maintenance issues.
But it could be many months before they are joined by the foreigners that make up a key part of the country's skilled workforce, which could hamper efforts to speed up flows at sites already in operation and restart other fields.
The largest contractors working on Libya's oil fields say most foreign companies still have no timeframe in place for returning evacuated staff, and few have volunteered to return.
New obstacles are emerging as firms negotiate who will provide security for workers vulnerable to attacks in the desert and in cities overflowing with weapons.
Foreign oil companies are keen to use their own security, but the interim government has said a special branch of the military will be trained up to protect the country's oil fields. [ID: nL5E7LR4G6]
And for the time being, with or without security, they are unwilling to commit to sending employees back to a country that is already seen to be plunging into a cycle of tribal violence and retribution, potentially undermining the new leaders and sending Libya back into chaos. (Reporting by Jessica Donati; Editing by Helen Massy-Beresford)
The NOC plans to sell a total of up to 14 cargoes of oil from several fields, primarily in the east and at offshore sites which escaped the worst of the damage inflicted by the war and located in areas that were liberated soon after the uprising.
A further two cargoes were expected to be offered by Benghazi-based subsidiary Agoco, bringing the total to 16, the sources said.
The eastern firm took charge of sales during the fighting to provide rebels with a crucial source of income after sanctions froze most of Libya's $170 billion worth of assets.
Libya's crude oil exports virtually ground to a halt during the war, with just two cargoes leaving the country's ports until September, when the first flows began trickling back into the market.
Before the February uprising that toppled former leader Muammar Gaddafi and ultimately led to his capture and death just over a week ago, Libyan crude oil exports stood at 1.3 million bpd.
Agoco was due to hand over responsibility for sales in mid-November, the sources said.
At least eight cargoes of crude and condensate have been sold since Agoco's fields began pumping oil again almost two months ago, and several grades have been offered.
REFINERIES
Libya still has no plans to offer crude from Repsol's El-Sharara field however, as the first flows will be used to supply the country's largest online refinery at Zawiya. It can process around 120,000 bpd but has yet to return to full capacity.
There was no timeframe in place for marketing oil from the site, which is located deep in the south west and among Libya's largest fields, the sources said.
Libya's largest refinery, which accounts for around two-thirds of the country's refining capacity, was expected online towards the end of November, the sources said.
Ras Lanuf can process 220,000 bpd and the NOC chairman has previously said the plant would return to service by the end of the year, a forecast the NOC sources said was over-cautious.
The NOC's shipments will total around 600,000 barrels each, while Agoco was expected to sell its oil in larger cargoes of 1 million barrels, the sources said.
More streams of crude would become available for export, in a further sign the industry is slowly returning to normality. [ID: nL5E7LO31U]
The NOC planned to market crude from Total's Al Jurf, Eni's Abu Atiffel, Amna, Sirtica and Zueitina in November. Agoco would market cargoes of Sarir crude before handing control back to the NOC.
OBSTACLES
The rapid return of Libya's oil is still almost entirely owed to the efforts and sacrifices of local workers who have returned to fields that are still viewed as unsafe either due to the risk of attack by insurgents or maintenance issues.
But it could be many months before they are joined by the foreigners that make up a key part of the country's skilled workforce, which could hamper efforts to speed up flows at sites already in operation and restart other fields.
The largest contractors working on Libya's oil fields say most foreign companies still have no timeframe in place for returning evacuated staff, and few have volunteered to return.
New obstacles are emerging as firms negotiate who will provide security for workers vulnerable to attacks in the desert and in cities overflowing with weapons.
Foreign oil companies are keen to use their own security, but the interim government has said a special branch of the military will be trained up to protect the country's oil fields. [ID: nL5E7LR4G6]
And for the time being, with or without security, they are unwilling to commit to sending employees back to a country that is already seen to be plunging into a cycle of tribal violence and retribution, potentially undermining the new leaders and sending Libya back into chaos. (Reporting by Jessica Donati; Editing by Helen Massy-Beresford)
sábado, 29 de outubro de 2011
Lula tem uma doença cancerosa na laringe
estadão.com.br
SÃO PAULO - O ex-presidente Luís Inácio Lula da Silva, que fez 66 anos na última quinta-feira, foi diagnosticado com tumor localizado de laringe após realizar exames neste sábado, 29, no Hospital Sírio-Libanês, em São Paulo. Lula, que foi internado após queixas de dores na garganta, está, neste momento, no Hospital Sírio Libanês, informou o hospital. Segundo a assessoria de imprensa do ex-presidente, Lula deve deixar o hospital ainda hoje.
Após avaliação multidisciplinar, foi definido tratamento inicial com quimioterapia, que será iniciado nos próximos dias. Segundo boletim médico divulgado pelo hospital, Lula está bem e deverá realizar o tratamento em caráter ambulatorial. A equipe médica que assiste o Ex-Presidente é coordenada pelos Profs. Drs. Roberto Kalil Filho, Paulo Hoff, Artur Katz, Luiz Paulo Kowalski, Gilberto Castro e Rubens V. de Brito Neto.
Minutos depois da divulgação da notícia, os usuários do Twitter lançaram a hashtag #ForçaLula, com mensagens de apoio ao ex-presidente. O assunto já é um dos mais falados na rede social.
No mesmo hospital foi tratada com sucesso a atual presidente, Dilma Rousseff, de um linfoma não-Hodgkin em 2009, e recebe atendimento atualmente o presidente do Paraguai, Fernando Lugo, de uma doença similar a de Dilma. Os especialistas do Hospital Sírio-Libanês foram colocados à disposição pelo Governo brasileiro do presidente da Venezuela, Hugo Chávez, quem optou por tratar-se em Cuba de um câncer na região pélvica.
Lula chegou ao poder em 2003 em no último 1º de janeiro entregou a faixa presidencial a Dilma, sua discípula política e vencedora das eleições de outubro de 2010. Nos últimos meses, Lula teve uma intensa atividade e viajou para dezenas de países. Ele recebeu homenagens pelo seu empenho na luta contra a pobreza e a fome.
SÃO PAULO - O ex-presidente Luís Inácio Lula da Silva, que fez 66 anos na última quinta-feira, foi diagnosticado com tumor localizado de laringe após realizar exames neste sábado, 29, no Hospital Sírio-Libanês, em São Paulo. Lula, que foi internado após queixas de dores na garganta, está, neste momento, no Hospital Sírio Libanês, informou o hospital. Segundo a assessoria de imprensa do ex-presidente, Lula deve deixar o hospital ainda hoje.
Após avaliação multidisciplinar, foi definido tratamento inicial com quimioterapia, que será iniciado nos próximos dias. Segundo boletim médico divulgado pelo hospital, Lula está bem e deverá realizar o tratamento em caráter ambulatorial. A equipe médica que assiste o Ex-Presidente é coordenada pelos Profs. Drs. Roberto Kalil Filho, Paulo Hoff, Artur Katz, Luiz Paulo Kowalski, Gilberto Castro e Rubens V. de Brito Neto.
Minutos depois da divulgação da notícia, os usuários do Twitter lançaram a hashtag #ForçaLula, com mensagens de apoio ao ex-presidente. O assunto já é um dos mais falados na rede social.
No mesmo hospital foi tratada com sucesso a atual presidente, Dilma Rousseff, de um linfoma não-Hodgkin em 2009, e recebe atendimento atualmente o presidente do Paraguai, Fernando Lugo, de uma doença similar a de Dilma. Os especialistas do Hospital Sírio-Libanês foram colocados à disposição pelo Governo brasileiro do presidente da Venezuela, Hugo Chávez, quem optou por tratar-se em Cuba de um câncer na região pélvica.
Lula chegou ao poder em 2003 em no último 1º de janeiro entregou a faixa presidencial a Dilma, sua discípula política e vencedora das eleições de outubro de 2010. Nos últimos meses, Lula teve uma intensa atividade e viajou para dezenas de países. Ele recebeu homenagens pelo seu empenho na luta contra a pobreza e a fome.
sexta-feira, 28 de outubro de 2011
Despacho brasileiro sobre Duarte Lima
No dia 07 de dezembro de 2009, por volta
das 22h00min., na rodovia RJ-118, a 100m do
entroncamento com a Rua 96, no Distrito de Sampaio
Correa, Município de Saquarema – RJ, o denunciado
DOMINGOS DUARTE LIMA, de forma livre e consciente,
com vontade de matar, desferiu disparos de arma de fogo
contra a vítima Rosalina da Silva Cardoso Ribeiro, causando-lhe
as lesões corporais descritas no Auto de Exame
Cadavérico de fls. 76/77 (Volume I), as quais, por sua
natureza, sede e extensão, foram a causa de sua morte
Conforme o apurado, a vítima Rosalina da
Silva Cardoso Ribeiro manteve relacionamento amoroso
com Lúcio Thomé Feteira durante 30 (trinta) anos, o que
findou com o falecimento desse, no ano de 2000. Além de
companheira, a vítima possuía contas bancárias conjuntas
com Lúcio Thomé Feteira e administrava seus negócios,
sendo seu patrimônio avaliado e torno de R$
100.000.000,00 (cem milhões de reais).
Inquérito Policial nº 021/2010
www.jn.pt/infos/pdf/Acusacao_Duarte_Lima.pdf
Formato do ficheiro: PDF/Adobe Acrobat
19 horas atrás – EXCELENTÍSSIMO SENHOR DOUTOR JUIZ DE DIREITO. DA 2ª VARA JUDICIAL DA COMARCA DE SAQUAREMA -. RJ. Ref. Inquérito ...
das 22h00min., na rodovia RJ-118, a 100m do
entroncamento com a Rua 96, no Distrito de Sampaio
Correa, Município de Saquarema – RJ, o denunciado
DOMINGOS DUARTE LIMA, de forma livre e consciente,
com vontade de matar, desferiu disparos de arma de fogo
contra a vítima Rosalina da Silva Cardoso Ribeiro, causando-lhe
as lesões corporais descritas no Auto de Exame
Cadavérico de fls. 76/77 (Volume I), as quais, por sua
natureza, sede e extensão, foram a causa de sua morte
Conforme o apurado, a vítima Rosalina da
Silva Cardoso Ribeiro manteve relacionamento amoroso
com Lúcio Thomé Feteira durante 30 (trinta) anos, o que
findou com o falecimento desse, no ano de 2000. Além de
companheira, a vítima possuía contas bancárias conjuntas
com Lúcio Thomé Feteira e administrava seus negócios,
sendo seu patrimônio avaliado e torno de R$
100.000.000,00 (cem milhões de reais).
Inquérito Policial nº 021/2010
www.jn.pt/infos/pdf/Acusacao_Duarte_Lima.pdf
Formato do ficheiro: PDF/Adobe Acrobat
19 horas atrás – EXCELENTÍSSIMO SENHOR DOUTOR JUIZ DE DIREITO. DA 2ª VARA JUDICIAL DA COMARCA DE SAQUAREMA -. RJ. Ref. Inquérito ...
quarta-feira, 26 de outubro de 2011
Pedido à NATO que supervisione o Norte de África
The head of Libya's transitional authorities has called for Nato to extend its mission in Libya until the end of the year.
National Transitional Council (NTC) Chairman Mustafa Abdul Jalil said the extension was needed to help Libyans trying to control surplus weapons and to deal with Gaddafi loyalists.
Nato has delayed a making a formal decision on when to end its mission.
It had made a preliminary decision to end operations on 31 October.
Diplomats had been expected to confirm that date on Wednesday.
"We hope (Nato) will continue its campaign until at least the end of this year to serve us and neighbouring countries," Mr Jalil told a gathering in Qatar of states that have supported the NTC's military campaign.
He said his appeal was aimed at "ensuring that no arms are infiltrated into those countries and to ensure the security of Libyans from some remnants of [ex-leader Col Muammar] Gaddafi's forces who have fled to nearby countries".
Mr Jalil added that the NTC wanted help "developing Libya's defence and security systems".
Nato, which has been operating in Libya since March under a UN mandate to protect civilians, said it would now make a formal decision on the length of its mission on Friday.
"As agreed, NATO continues to monitor the situation on the ground, and retains the capability to respond to any threats to civilians," said Nato spokeswoman Carmen Romero.
"The situation remains calm as the NTC continues to establish its authority."
Rights concerns
Speaking on the sidelines of the Qatar meeting, Qatari chief of staff Maj Gen Hamad bin Ali al-Atiya told Agence France-Presse that his country had deployed ground troops in Libya.
"The numbers of Qataris on ground were hundreds in every region," he was quoted as saying.
The small but gas-rich Gulf state, which has played a dynamic role in Libya, had previously acknowledged contributing to Nato's air campaign there.
Meanwhile, the NTC came under pressure from human rights bodies following questions surrounding the death of Col Gaddafi last week, and allegations that NTC forces may have executed dozens of their opponents.
"I call on all the armed forces to avoid any act of reprisal and arbitrary repression against both Libyans and foreigners," said Philippe Kirsch, the head of a UN commission of enquiry on Libya.
BBC
National Transitional Council (NTC) Chairman Mustafa Abdul Jalil said the extension was needed to help Libyans trying to control surplus weapons and to deal with Gaddafi loyalists.
Nato has delayed a making a formal decision on when to end its mission.
It had made a preliminary decision to end operations on 31 October.
Diplomats had been expected to confirm that date on Wednesday.
"We hope (Nato) will continue its campaign until at least the end of this year to serve us and neighbouring countries," Mr Jalil told a gathering in Qatar of states that have supported the NTC's military campaign.
He said his appeal was aimed at "ensuring that no arms are infiltrated into those countries and to ensure the security of Libyans from some remnants of [ex-leader Col Muammar] Gaddafi's forces who have fled to nearby countries".
Mr Jalil added that the NTC wanted help "developing Libya's defence and security systems".
Nato, which has been operating in Libya since March under a UN mandate to protect civilians, said it would now make a formal decision on the length of its mission on Friday.
"As agreed, NATO continues to monitor the situation on the ground, and retains the capability to respond to any threats to civilians," said Nato spokeswoman Carmen Romero.
"The situation remains calm as the NTC continues to establish its authority."
Rights concerns
Speaking on the sidelines of the Qatar meeting, Qatari chief of staff Maj Gen Hamad bin Ali al-Atiya told Agence France-Presse that his country had deployed ground troops in Libya.
"The numbers of Qataris on ground were hundreds in every region," he was quoted as saying.
The small but gas-rich Gulf state, which has played a dynamic role in Libya, had previously acknowledged contributing to Nato's air campaign there.
Meanwhile, the NTC came under pressure from human rights bodies following questions surrounding the death of Col Gaddafi last week, and allegations that NTC forces may have executed dozens of their opponents.
"I call on all the armed forces to avoid any act of reprisal and arbitrary repression against both Libyans and foreigners," said Philippe Kirsch, the head of a UN commission of enquiry on Libya.
BBC
A Alemanha é quem mais ordena
MIGUEL MORA (El País) - París - 26/10/2011
Todos intentan lo mismo: que el Titanic no se hunda. Y todos saben que, si cayera la Italia de Berlusconi, también los viajeros de primera clase se hundirán. Son las horas decisivas para la Unión Europea, y Alemania decide los tiempos, las formas, los números. Francia va por detrás, tratando de poner algo de humanidad y calor donde Berlín solo ve trileros, derroche, indisciplina y una crisis política que solo se resuelve con más política y más austeridad. Nicolas Sarkozy lo resumió así en el habitual desayuno de los martes con miembros del Gobierno y del partido: "Jamás Europa ha estado tan cerca de la explosión".Sarkozy, incomprendido en casa, donde el 75% de sus paisanos censura su gestión de la crisis, según la última encuesta de Libération, busca en Bruselas un imposible. Habla de salvar el euro, de recapitalizar los bancos, de correr al rescate de los Estados en quiebra. Pero los medios franceses ya no tienen piedad. Afirman que París "ha perdido su credibilidad financiera" en Berlín, que sus propuestas, por justas que sean, "cada vez valen menos" al otro lado del Rhin, y que "los jefes" son Angela Merkel, el Bundesbank y... Jean-Claude Trichet.
Son frases de los diarios locales del lunes y el martes, un gancho al mentón del líder de un país que parece, como hace 70 años, casi resignado a perder su grandeur ante el poderío y la determinación de Alemania.
Arnaud Leparmentier, el periodista de Le Monde que cubre el Elíseo, subrayaba ayer las "sorprendentes diferencias" que separan todavía las respuestas a la crisis de Berlín y París. "Allí se habla de federalismo y se rescata la fórmula pronunciada por Churchill en 1946, los Estados Unidos de Europa; los franceses siguen en el terreno de juego fijado por los mercados, mientras los alemanes definen su debate en términos políticos, en el cuadro de una democracia parlamentaria madura".
Losas domésticas
Sarkozy lucha en desventaja, con varias losas domésticas: el sistema gaullista, que cada cinco años designa un monarca civil, parece una antigualla Luis XV ante el rigor incorruptible del Bundesbank y la ética protestante del Bundestag. Los últimos Gobiernos franceses han despreciado olímpicamente el pacto sobre el déficit para primar el crecimiento. Una parte de la derecha local ve con buenos ojos el fin del euro (y de hecho ayer mismo lo pidió madame Le Pen, presidenta del Frente Nacional). La ciudadanía, cansada de la vulgaridad y corrupción del sistema de poder, vive y gasta ajena a estos problemas. Y la alternativa socialista no atiza el fuelle europeísta, incapaz como fue de ganar en 2005 el referéndum por el tratado europeo.
Alemania consideró aquello una traición, y seguramente la desconfianza dura todavía. No hace ni cuatro meses, en un alarde, Francia suspendió la libre circulación de personas y endureció el tratado de Schengen. Por un puñado de tunecinos. Ahora, su problema es que tiene más que perder en el Titanic que Alemania. Y no solo por la altísima exposición de sus bancos. Como escribía ayer Leparmentier, "desde hace 60 años, Francia intenta que Europa sea el principio de Arquímedes de su influencia; y se vería incapaz de escoger entre una Europa latina excluida del euro, y Alemania, su primer socio, que le sirve desde hace medio siglo como un modelo de virtud".
Todos intentan lo mismo: que el Titanic no se hunda. Y todos saben que, si cayera la Italia de Berlusconi, también los viajeros de primera clase se hundirán. Son las horas decisivas para la Unión Europea, y Alemania decide los tiempos, las formas, los números. Francia va por detrás, tratando de poner algo de humanidad y calor donde Berlín solo ve trileros, derroche, indisciplina y una crisis política que solo se resuelve con más política y más austeridad. Nicolas Sarkozy lo resumió así en el habitual desayuno de los martes con miembros del Gobierno y del partido: "Jamás Europa ha estado tan cerca de la explosión".Sarkozy, incomprendido en casa, donde el 75% de sus paisanos censura su gestión de la crisis, según la última encuesta de Libération, busca en Bruselas un imposible. Habla de salvar el euro, de recapitalizar los bancos, de correr al rescate de los Estados en quiebra. Pero los medios franceses ya no tienen piedad. Afirman que París "ha perdido su credibilidad financiera" en Berlín, que sus propuestas, por justas que sean, "cada vez valen menos" al otro lado del Rhin, y que "los jefes" son Angela Merkel, el Bundesbank y... Jean-Claude Trichet.
Son frases de los diarios locales del lunes y el martes, un gancho al mentón del líder de un país que parece, como hace 70 años, casi resignado a perder su grandeur ante el poderío y la determinación de Alemania.
Arnaud Leparmentier, el periodista de Le Monde que cubre el Elíseo, subrayaba ayer las "sorprendentes diferencias" que separan todavía las respuestas a la crisis de Berlín y París. "Allí se habla de federalismo y se rescata la fórmula pronunciada por Churchill en 1946, los Estados Unidos de Europa; los franceses siguen en el terreno de juego fijado por los mercados, mientras los alemanes definen su debate en términos políticos, en el cuadro de una democracia parlamentaria madura".
Losas domésticas
Sarkozy lucha en desventaja, con varias losas domésticas: el sistema gaullista, que cada cinco años designa un monarca civil, parece una antigualla Luis XV ante el rigor incorruptible del Bundesbank y la ética protestante del Bundestag. Los últimos Gobiernos franceses han despreciado olímpicamente el pacto sobre el déficit para primar el crecimiento. Una parte de la derecha local ve con buenos ojos el fin del euro (y de hecho ayer mismo lo pidió madame Le Pen, presidenta del Frente Nacional). La ciudadanía, cansada de la vulgaridad y corrupción del sistema de poder, vive y gasta ajena a estos problemas. Y la alternativa socialista no atiza el fuelle europeísta, incapaz como fue de ganar en 2005 el referéndum por el tratado europeo.
Alemania consideró aquello una traición, y seguramente la desconfianza dura todavía. No hace ni cuatro meses, en un alarde, Francia suspendió la libre circulación de personas y endureció el tratado de Schengen. Por un puñado de tunecinos. Ahora, su problema es que tiene más que perder en el Titanic que Alemania. Y no solo por la altísima exposición de sus bancos. Como escribía ayer Leparmentier, "desde hace 60 años, Francia intenta que Europa sea el principio de Arquímedes de su influencia; y se vería incapaz de escoger entre una Europa latina excluida del euro, y Alemania, su primer socio, que le sirve desde hace medio siglo como un modelo de virtud".
Atenas entre a Turquia e Bruxelas
La relation entre la Grèce et l'Europe est complexe. Sans l'appui financier et militaire des grandes puissances européennes, le pays hellène aurait eu du mal à se libérer du joug ottoman il y a moins de deux cents ans et à prendre son indépendance.
Paris, Londres et les autres, qui invoquaient alors le passé prestigieux de la Grèce antique, berceau de la démocratie, rappellent aujourd'hui à Athènes sa dette.
Dans son roman, Le Dicôlon (paru en 1995 en Grèce et traduit en 2011 chez Verdier), Yannis Kiourtsakis évoque ce rapport difficile à l'Europe et le poids de cet héritage antique : "Cette admiration transformait notre sentiment d'infériorité permanent à l'égard de l'Europe et des Européens en sentiment de supériorité inébranlable, puisque - nous le sentions bien - rien désormais ne pourrait faire descendre la petite Grèce du piédestal sur lequel, depuis bien des siècles, l'Histoire l'avait installée à tout jamais dans la conscience universelle !"
L'entrée dans l'Europe, puis dans l'euro, tout comme les Jeux olympiques de 2004, ont fait croire que c'était arrivé : la Grèce était à égalité. L'argent était aussi facile à dépenser qu'à emprunter pour les particuliers et encore plus pour les gouvernements. La crise est venue. La Grèce est redescendue brutalement et douloureusement de son piédestal.
Alain Salles/Le Monde
Paris, Londres et les autres, qui invoquaient alors le passé prestigieux de la Grèce antique, berceau de la démocratie, rappellent aujourd'hui à Athènes sa dette.
Dans son roman, Le Dicôlon (paru en 1995 en Grèce et traduit en 2011 chez Verdier), Yannis Kiourtsakis évoque ce rapport difficile à l'Europe et le poids de cet héritage antique : "Cette admiration transformait notre sentiment d'infériorité permanent à l'égard de l'Europe et des Européens en sentiment de supériorité inébranlable, puisque - nous le sentions bien - rien désormais ne pourrait faire descendre la petite Grèce du piédestal sur lequel, depuis bien des siècles, l'Histoire l'avait installée à tout jamais dans la conscience universelle !"
L'entrée dans l'Europe, puis dans l'euro, tout comme les Jeux olympiques de 2004, ont fait croire que c'était arrivé : la Grèce était à égalité. L'argent était aussi facile à dépenser qu'à emprunter pour les particuliers et encore plus pour les gouvernements. La crise est venue. La Grèce est redescendue brutalement et douloureusement de son piédestal.
Alain Salles/Le Monde
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